centos静默安装oracle11g------centos6 , centos7通用
准备
(1) 关闭防火墙
centos6关闭:
service iptables stop
chkconfig iptables off
centos7关闭:
systemctl stop firewalld.service
systemctl disable firewalld.service
备注:
可以不关闭防火墙,永久开启1521端口也可以,步骤百度搜
(2) 关闭selinux ，编辑 vim /etc/selinux/config
文件
设置SELINUX= enforcing 为SELINUX=disabled
(3)查看主机名,安装oracle需要用到
hostname
(4)安装oracle前 建议 先安装jdk,否则有几率报错
开始安装oracle11g
1.安装Oracle 11g依赖包
centos6执行
yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.i686 elfutils-libelf-devel gccgcc-c++ glibc*.i686 glibc glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 libgcc*.i686 libgcclibstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel*.i686 libaiolibaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.i686 make sysstat unixODBCunixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686 libXp ksh
centos7执行
yum -y install gcc make binutils gcc-c++ compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf-devel elfutils-libelf-devel-static elfutils-libelf-devel ksh libaio libaio-devel numactl-devel sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel pcre-devel
2.添加oinstall 、dba 组，新建oracle用户并加入oinstall、dba组中
groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
3.oracle用户添加管理员权限(后期安装完毕后,建议去除)
chmod -v u+w /etc/sudoers
vim /etc/sudoers
添加
oracle ALL=(ALL) ALL
chmod -v u-w /etc/sudoers
4.修改内核参数：编辑 vim /etc/sysctl.conf
io-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 4294967295
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
参数生效
sysctl -p
5.修改用户的限制文件，编辑 vim /etc/security/limits.conf
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
6.修改vim /etc/pam.d/login
文件，添加：
session required /lib64/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
7.修改 vim /etc/profile
文件
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
8.source /etc/profile
配置生效
9.创建安装目录、修改文件权限
mkdir -p /usr/oracle/product/11.2.0
mkdir /usr/oracle/oradata
mkdir /usr/oracle/inventory
mkdir /usr/oracle/fast_recovery_area
chown -R oracle:oinstall /usr/oracle
chmod -R 775 /usr/oracle
10.oracle11g安装包解压,上传dabase 文件夹至 /home
官网下载 https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/cn/database/enterprise-edition/downloads/index.html
11.配置oracle用户环境变量
su - oracle
vim .bash_profile
添加如下:
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle
ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_SID=orcl
PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_HOME ORACLE_SID PATH
参数生效:
source .bash_profile
12.修改安装配置信息
su
vim /home/database/response/db_install.rsp
修改以下信息
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY
#刚开始查询自己的主机名
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost.localdomain
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/usr/oracle/inventory
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN
ORACLE_HOME=/usr/oracle/product/11.2.0
ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=dba
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true
13.开始安装oracle
su - oracle
sudo chmod -R +x /home/database
cd /home/database/
./runInstaller -silent -ignorePrereq -ignoreSysPrereqs -responseFile /home/database/response/db_install.rsp
14.切换root用户运行脚本
su
sh /usr/oracle/inventory/orainstRoot.sh
sh /usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/root.sh
15.用oracle用户登录配置监听
su - oracle
export DISPLAY=localhost:0.0
netca -silent -responseFile /home/database/response/netca.rsp
16.查看端口 是否存在1521
netstat -tnulp | grep 1521
17.切换root，建立新库
su
vim /home/database/response/dbca.rsp
修改以下参数
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
#密码,根据情况自己设置
SYSPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSTEMPASSWORD = "oracle"
SYSMANPASSWORD = "oracle"
DBSNMPPASSWORD = "oracle"
DATAFILEDESTINATION =/usr/oracle/oradata
RECOVERYAREADESTINATION=/usr/oracle/fast_recovery_area
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
TOTALMEMORY = "1638"
18.切换oracle用户,安装实例
su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /home/database/response/dbca.rsp
19.至此已经安装完结了,整理下日常操作命令
(1)实例检查
ps -ef | grep ora_ | grep -v grep
(2).监听 状态
lsnrctl status
(3)监听 启动
lsnrctl start
(4)监听 关闭
lsnrctl stop
(5).登录查看实例状态
sqlplus / as sysdba
a.启动服务（实例）
startup
b.关闭服务（实例）
shutdown immediate
oralce设置开机自启❤️
1.创建oracle启动脚本
su
vim /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
内容如下
#!/bin/sh
# chkconfig: 345 61 61
# description: Oracle 11g R2 AutoRun Servimces
# /etc/init.d/oracle
# Run-level Startup script for the Oracle Instance, Listener, and
# Web Interface
export ORACLE_BASE=/usr/oracle #根据个人情况修改路径
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #改成自己的ORACLE_SID:testsid
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
ORA_OWNR="oracle"
# if the executables do not exist -- display error
if [ ! -f $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart -o ! -d $ORACLE_HOME ]
then
echo "Oracle startup: cannot start"
exit 1
fi
# depending on parameter -- startup, shutdown, restart
# of the instance and listener or usage display
case "$1" in
start)
# Oracle listener and instance startup
su $ORA_OWNR -lc $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbstart
echo "Oracle Start Succesful!OK."
;;
stop)
# Oracle listener and instance shutdown
su $ORA_OWNR -lc $ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbshut
echo "Oracle Stop Succesful!OK."
;;
reload|restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: `basename $0` {start|stop|reload|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
oraacle脚本设置权限
chmod 750 /etc/rc.d/init.d/oracle
2.编辑/etc/oratab
vim /etc/oratab
修改:
orcl:/usr/oracle/product/11.2.0:N ,末尾"N" 改成"Y"
3.编辑/etc/rc.d/rc.local
vim /etc/rc.d/rc.local
备注:第一行 路径必须加引号,因为start前面有空格,第二行可以不加引号
添加:
su oracle -lc "/usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/lsnrctl start"
su oracle -lc /usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin/dbstart
4.编辑 dbstart 和 dbshut
cd /usr/oracle/product/11.2.0/bin
vim dbstart
修改:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为: ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
vim dbshut
修改:
ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$1 修改为: ORACLE_HOME_LISTNER=$ORACLE_HOME
5.设置脚本自启
cd /etc/rc.d/init.d
chkconfig --level 234 oracle on
chkconfig --add oracle
6.重启电脑测试
shutdown -r now